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Learn more about DELPH Cohort 4 participants.

Learn more about DELPH Cohort 3 participants.

Reprioritizing Black Maternal Health How We Can Prioritize Black Maternal Health Lawrence Young Black women face significant rates of maternal morbidity and mortality — learn how public health can better support them in this blog post. I do not have to look far to understand the urgency of the Black maternal health crisis. I have watched friends, colleagues, and loved ones from every walk of life struggle through pregnancies that should have been safe and celebrated. Some are highly educated professionals. Others are young mothers still finding their way. Many had access to quality insurance and still faced complications, long hospital stays, and minimal follow-up care. Many have shared unfortunate experiences that run the gamut from feeling unheard or perhaps unnecessarily undergoing a procedure — the care in health care was not there for them. These are not isolated incidents. They are part of a larger, structural failure that demands our attention and our action. As public health professionals, we must ask ourselves: How can we better care for and about Black mothers? And what would it look like to center them in the systems that were created to protect women in one of the most vulnerable times of their lives? Understanding the Root of the Crisis Black women in the United States are three to four times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than their White counterparts. In many states, including Connecticut, this difference persists even when controlling for education and income. These outcomes are not the result of individual choices or biological differences — they are the result of systems designed with historical blind spots. Education and income, often seen as protective factors, do not shield Black women from these outcomes. Research shows that pregnancy-related mortality rates are higher among Black women with a college degree than among White women with the same level of education or with less than a high school diploma. The same is true for women with respect to the risk of dying within the first year postpartum. These disparities grow with age and extend beyond mortality to include severe maternal morbidity, such as preeclampsia — a pregnancy complication related to high blood pressure — which can have lasting health impacts if untreated including death. Additionally, American Indian, Alaska Native, Black, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Asian, and Hispanic women all experience higher rates of ICU admission during delivery compared to White women. ICU admission is considered a key marker for maternal complications and system-level failure. Public Health as Partner in Progress Public health has a responsibility to do more than document issues and concerns. We must be in the business of addressing them. In Connecticut, we are working across agencies and community organizations to move from acknowledgment to action. One of the most important leaders in this work is #Day43, an initiative launched by Waterbury Bridge to Success Community Partnership. The name refers to the period between 43 days and one year postpartum, during which approximately 20% of pregnancy-related deaths occur. #Day43 exists to raise awareness of Black maternal health and transform systems to support mothers. Their work spans research, advocacy, policy, technical assistance, and storytelling grounded in lived experience. Waterbury’s maternal health data reflects this crisis. According to the #Day43 Black Maternal Health Report, 18.6% of pregnant women in Waterbury received late or no prenatal care. Those in the city face higher rates of C-sections, limited access to postpartum care, and insufficient support for mental health and breastfeeding. The community described a significant lack of maternity care resources, particularly in the North End, where many Black and Hispanic families reside. Through initiatives like this, residents are not just seen as stakeholders. They are recognized as storytellers, system builders, and agents of change. Their leadership is shaping how we define, measure, and deliver maternal care in Connecticut. This vision aligns with broader maternal health equity efforts across the state. For example, The Connecticut Health Foundation is developing a Maternal Health Equity Blueprint in partnership with community leaders, researchers, and families. Waterbury voices are essential contributors to this process. Listening as a Path of Healing The experiences of Black mothers reflect a broader truth. Too often, our systems are not built to hear them. That lack of trust is both historical and current. It shows up in rushed appointments, dismissed symptoms, and inaccessible services. Community-based providers, such as doulas and midwives of color, are critical to bridging this gap. They do more than provide care — they restore dignity. Yet these providers are often underfunded and undervalued in mainstream health care systems. Public health must champion integrating these providers into existing systems and promoting long-term sustainability. To maximize maternal health outcomes, the next phase of this work must intentionally include structured cross-sector collaboration. It must focus on building systems that educate both providers and families on urgent maternal warning signs, provide consistent discharge education, and strengthen local surveillance and outreach infrastructure. These strategies are essential, scalable, and lifesaving. We cannot improve outcomes without acknowledging the deep cultural, emotional, and psychological work required to rebuild trust. We cannot heal what we do not hear. Re-Examining the “Public” in Public Health Re-examining the public in public health means placing the needs of our most vulnerable communities at the center. It means investing in care that is integrative and supportive with community co-designed solutions. It also means wholistically addressing other intersecting systems that influence maternal outcomes. We can start by: Expanding funding for community-based perinatal health workers, including doulas and midwives. Embedding relevant metrics into maternal health program design and evaluation. Creating statewide listening sessions and family advisory councils to ensure policies reflect lived realities. Partnering across sectors to improve access to safe housing, transportation, and mental health supports for new mothers. Supporting local initiatives like #Day43 that lead from within communities and reflect community-defined solutions. Educating families on health information and individual health rights through accessible, trusted channels. To truly care for and about Black mothers, we must act beyond awareness months and social media campaigns. We must improve current processes and design opportunities that will support them and keep them alive. Public health was created to serve the public. The most powerful way to honor that mission is to focus on the public, ensuring they are a priority and not an afterthought. article yes

Learn how public health leaders are redefining leadership and building more collaborative, sustainable systems.

Communication, Community, and Power-Sharing: A Conversation with DELPH Scholars Communication, Community, and Power-Sharing Learn how public health leaders are moving from a top-down approach to a collaborative model that builds and sustains trust with community partners. The current public health landscape can feel daunting, uncertain, and increasingly stressful for leaders to navigate. While public health professionals have a wealth of expertise, reliance on expertise isn’t enough; collaborative leadership points the path forward. Moving away from traditional top-down approaches, effective and innovative leaders are learning to share power, practice meaningful community engagement, and create environments where partners, community, and staff feel valued and heard. Three scholars from ASTHO’s Developing Executive Leaders in Public Health (DELPH) program discuss how they apply these principles to strengthen collaboration within public health and build more resilient communities. Meet the Scholars Working in public health is not individualistic; it requires working collectively to achieve a common goal: healthier communities. These three scholars are championing collaboration. Brandon Horvath, Assistant Program Manager of Preparedness at the Philadelphia Department of Health, believes in the power of collaboration to navigate periods of uncertainty and that moving away from top-down leadership allows space for new ideas to flourish. Ethan Greenblatt, Health Education Supervisor at the Saint Louis County Department of Public Health, focuses on building partnerships to combat misinformation, amplify accurate messaging, and support overlooked populations. Halana Kaleel, Public Health Community Engagement Specialist at Austin Public Health, centers her work on developing genuine engagement between partners before making decisions that impact the collective, emphasizing that participation and power-sharing build trust. “When city council, city management, and other departmental leadership attempt to implement programs, policies, and budgetary changes without doing engagement and collaboration with the impacted community first, they lose trust with the communities we are trying to serve.” — Halana Kaleel Brandon, you oversee emergency communications as part of your role with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Can you talk more about the strategies and frameworks you have applied and how they help your team manage complex projects during both emergencies and blue-sky days? BRANDON HORVATH: When deciding how best to infuse collaborative leadership principles into our current reporting structure, I wanted to ground my approach in something relatable that staff would typically associate with comfort and relaxation. That’s when I thought back to the activities that worked best for relieving stress during the COVID-19 pandemic response. In my case, those were running, binge-watching a new TV show, or endlessly scrolling through TikTok. Each of these activities has a few key ingredients in common: time and energy set aside to make the activity happen, and controls to customize the experience. I factored these in when developing two activities that encourage staff participation, collaborative leadership, and feedback. The energy check is a self-reflection activity I like to start off our weekly touch-base meetings with, intentionally setting aside time to highlight accomplishments, discuss challenges staff were experiencing, and set attainable goals and priorities for the next week. Let’s talk it out is a collaborative leadership exercise where staff are encouraged to lead the conversation, using a set of functions you’d find on a remote control: Settings, Pause, Rewind, Fast-Forward, Record, and Power On/Off. The conversation begins with Settings, where we establish ground rules and outline expectations, acceptable behaviors, and how decisions will be made. Regardless of how the activity unfolds, it is important to document what’s discussed, identify any successes or pain points, and work together to draft next steps and potential solutions. Some optional functions can be folded in, depending on time and complexity. Pause (Reflect) involves making space for reflection, which can help ensure continuous improvement and make adjustments easier, regardless of where you’re at in a project. Rewind (What Worked) involves looking back at past decisions or progress since the last check-in, which can help ensure successful strategies are repeated and mistakes are avoided. Fast-Forward (What Do We Want to See) encourages discussion of what you would consider a successful partnership or collaboration. This is especially helpful when a project is complex and involves many stakeholders. Power On/Off (Let’s Revisit This) should be considered when a project is not progressing or we’ve identified pain points that require follow-up. This can bring the conversation to an intentional end, and another time can be set when all involved will regroup and resume planning. The strategies and frameworks you choose to apply will likely vary based on the role you play, the collaborations already underway, and the level of buy-in within your organization or team to shift away from the current project management approach. Ethan, in Saint Louis County your department has utilized community-based partnerships for vaccination efforts and to address the opioid epidemic. How does focusing on building community partnerships help address misinformation, reduce stigma, and increase trust? ETHAN GREENBLAT: Community partnerships allow public health agencies to meet people where they are, both physically and culturally. By working with trusted local institutions and leaders, our partners can deliver public health messages with voices that communities already know and respect. These collaborations also provide valuable feedback that helps programs remain responsive, relevant, and grounded in community needs. Halana, you emphasized that collaborative leadership requires a paradigm shift away from performative community engagement. How can governmental public health agencies transition to power-sharing to rebuild trust with community members who have been historically disenfranchised and excluded? HALANA KALEEL: In discussions with community members and stakeholders, time and time again they saw that they were only being consulted after decisions had already been made. Saying things like, “we want to hear from you” is performative engagement when you already know how you are going to approach an issue. At the end of the day, many communities would rather have honesty about a bad system than feel tricked by tokenistic engagement. To share power with community and stakeholders, governmental public health agencies need to provide opportunities for the communities they serve to participate in decision making at the beginning of the process, and we should empower and hire staff or liaisons who reflect the communities we are trying to reach. We also need to meet people where they are through more informal engagement instead of continuing to force community members who have been disenfranchised to come into governmental spaces that may be hard to reach and perceived as too formal. Lessons Learned and Actionable Advice Reflecting on your experiences, how do you actively build and maintain trust with community partners, staff, and stakeholders? HORVATH: Building and maintaining trust with staff requires leaders to be consistent, reliable, and authentic in their approach. For me, it’s always been about showing up and following through. Creating safe spaces, both formal and informal, where staff can share feedback and ideas, is the first step to making two-way communication happen. Recognizing staff for their accomplishments and highlighting team wins reinforces both trust and integrity. These same approaches can be applied when working in the field or communicating with a variety of stakeholders. GREENBLATT: Building trust requires consistent communication, transparency, and a shared sense of purpose. I focus on developing relationships over time and ensuring our partners feel heard and included in decision-making processes. It is also important that teams and stakeholders align around the organization’s mission, vision, and goals. When partners have a role in shaping the direction of an initiative, they are far more invested in its success. KALEEL: One of my best practices is focusing on closing the feedback loop by showing community members exactly how their input and feedback directly inform final plans and policies. What practical strategies can public health leaders use to strengthen partnerships and build more resilient public health systems? KALEEL: Something that can be daunting, especially during times of uncertain funding, is compensating community for their time and expertise, but this can be something as simple as small stipends, gift cards to local grocery stores, or feeding people at events. HORVATH: Start with a clear purpose. Set aside time to meet with your team to talk not only about what each person will be doing but why it matters. Find ways to infuse collaborative leadership into the culture, such as trying out a new approach to staff check-ins or promoting shared ownership of projects. Most of all, it is important to meet your staff and community members where they are and to be flexible with your approach. Mistakes will happen, but how we learn from them and adapt can help us be more prepared and resilient the next time. GREENBLATT: Public health leaders can strengthen partnerships by being intentional about how they engage with communities and partners. An important starting point is understanding the local landscape — specifically the initiatives, organizations, and trusted leaders in your community — so you can build on what’s already working rather than duplicating efforts. It’s also important to identify shared goals, making

To learn more about how the DELPH program has influenced our scholars’ leadership journey so far, ASTHO spoke with three leaders in the current cohort: Andrea Lowe, director of legislative services at the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services; Tiffany Wilson, data analytics branch manager at the Alabama Department of Public Health; and Harold Gil, data science support unit supervisor at the Washington State Department of Health.

A Q&A with DELPH participants James Bell III and Sandy Noel about their experiences in the program and why it is so important to develop your own brand as a leader.

An interview with DELPH scholars Halina Palacios and Nathifa Miller about the importance of developing a strong leadership style, advice for future public health leaders, and using the DiSC Personality Assessment.

On January 16, 2024, ASTHO and the Satcher Health Leadership Institute (SHLI) at Morehouse School of Medicine unveiled the latest cohort of 15 mid-to-senior level governmental public health professionals selected for the Diverse Executives Leading in Public Health (DELPH) program.

ASTHO Leaders Selected for de Beaumont Foundation’s 40 Under 40 in Public Health ARLINGTON, VA—Today, the de Beaumont Foundation announced its 40 Under 40 in Public Health class of 2023, a national recognition for leaders changing the field of public health. One state health official, an ASTHO staff member, and three Diverse Executive Leading in Public Health (DELPH) scholars were selected for the list. The recognition acknowledges the achievements of exceptional public health professionals and highlights ASTHO's role in cultivating visionary leaders. ASTHO-affiliated selections include: Paula Tran, state health officer and administrator, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Service. ASTHO staff member Alicia Justice, senior director, Programmatic Health Initiatives and Strategy DELPH scholar Dr. James Bell III, state assistant administrator, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. DELPH scholar Heather Pangelinan, director, Public Health Services, Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation DELPH scholar Dr. Eric Tang, public health medical officer, STD Control Branch, California Department of Public Health “I’m thrilled to see ASTHO leaders once again represented on the de Beaumont Foundation’s 40 Under 40 in Public Health list," says ASTHO CEO Michael Fraser, PhD. "This honor showcases their commitment to fostering healthier communities and driving positive change on a national scale." “The professionals chosen for the 40 Under 40 in Public Health Class of 2023 demonstrate the determination, commitment, innovation, and resilience of the public health field,” said Brian C. Castrucci, DrPH, president and CEO of the de Beaumont Foundation, which launched the program in 2019. “Their work is strengthening communities and improving lives, and I look forward to following their careers and learning from them.” The nominees represent 21 states and one territory and were selected by a distinguished panel of public health leaders and de Beaumont Foundation staff. It is the third installment of the list, which launched in 2019. The nominees come from a diverse range of backgrounds and professional roles. The 40 Under 40 list also honors nine other state health department staff members, including: Kara Buru, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Shelly Choo, Maryland Department of Health Shamaree Cromartie Jones, Virginia Department of Health Mallory Cyr, Association of Maternal Child Health Programs Jervelle Fort, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Stacey Kallem, Philadelphia Department of Public Health Carolyn Rhodebeck, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Katrina Saphrey, Virginia Department of Health, Crater Health District Julian Watkins, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Learn more about the 40 Under 40 in Public Health honorees. ASTHO Press Release Boilerplate website yes

An issue that public health wrestles with is how to combat racism as we would any other public health emergency. ASTHO’s board of directors has declared structural racism a public health emergency. And health equity is the number one priority in ASTHO’s strategic plan, which means our staff will prioritize equity work as we support all aspects of our members’ technical assistance and capacity building needs.

ASTHO Announces Sixth Developing Executive Leaders in Public Health Cohort ARLINGTON, VA — Today, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) announced its sixth cohort of Developing Executive Leaders in Public Health (DELPH). This highly competitive program began in 2021 and continues to strengthen the leadership capacity of mid- to senior-level governmental public health professionals. “I am thrilled to welcome the sixth cohort of the DELPH Program,” says Avia Mason, ASTHO vice president for leadership and learning. “This group of 20 scholars brings exceptional dedication and passion to the work of public health, and we are honored to support their journey as they strengthen their leadership, expand their impact, and improve the health of their communities.” Cohort six scholars include: Faisal Adam, DC Health Department Vina Ayuyu, Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation Misty Carney, Maryland Department of Health Colette Cobb, Office of the California Surgeon General Angela Cochran, St. Mary's County Health Department Jessie Fernandes, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services Tynisha George, Chicago Department of Public Health Ethan Greenblatt, St. Louis County Department of Public Health Gabby Hadly, Snohomish County Health Department Shebra Hall, Delaware Division of Public Health Brandon Horvath, Philadelphia Department of Public Health Halana Kaleel, Austin Public Health Markeeta Keyes, City of Minneapolis - Health - Green Career Exploration Aracely Macias, New Jersey Department of Health Chelsea Moriarty Coffield, Harris County Public Health Natasha Pickens Shumpert, Jefferson County Department of Health Dipa Shah, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Physical Activity Program Jamilia Sherls, Washington State Department of Health Iliana Siarmalis, Maryland Department of Health Tenneh Turner-Warren, Arizona Dept of Health Services ASTHO continues its commitment to developing, elevating, and modeling strong leadership for the next generation of emerging public health leaders. At a time when public health demands courageous vision, strategic action and collaborative strength, programs like DELPH are more essential than ever. Through an innovative, cohort-model, participants will deepen their leadership identity, enhance their communication, and grow their ability to positively influence their organizations. Each participant is matched with an executive coach, accountability partner and DELPH team member for personalized, transformative leadership development. “Morehouse School of Medicine is proud to continue its partnership with ASTHO in facilitating the DELPH program,” says Sandra Harris-Hooker, senior vice president for external affairs and innovation and interim director of the Satcher Health Leadership Institute (SHLI) at Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM). “This ongoing collaboration between ASTHO and MSM’s SHLI advances our institution vision of ‘Leading the creation and advancement of health equity to achieve health justice.’ Together, we are equipping and empowering individuals to step into national and global arenas where strong, equity-centered public health leadership is needed most.” With support from the CDC, the success of the DELPH program’s more than 100 alumni demonstrates how strengthened leadership translates into stronger public health systems as they take on the pressing challenges facing our communities. Cohort six scholars will kick off their programming on December 8 in Arlington, VA. ASTHO Press Release Boilerplate website yes

Learn more about DELPH Cohort 6 participants.

DELPH Magazine ASTHO, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, DELPH, Diverse Executives Leading in Public Health, CDC, Morehouse School of Medicine, Satcher Health Leadership Institute, diverse leaders, leadership development, public health, public health systems, strengthen networks, experienced professionals, governmental public health, underrepresented groups, people of color, disability status, women leaders, LGBTQ+ individuals, networking opportunities, access to opportunities, strategic leadership development, peer support, equity diversity inclusion, DEI at work, public health infrastructure, infrastructure grant, health equity, inclusive workforce, public health law The DELPH magazine is intended to highlight the individual DELPH scholars of our cohort. With every issue, we share and elevate the leadership profiles of each cohort member to introduce them as emerging leaders within the public health field. In addition, we ask public health leaders and influencers to share their insights on public health trends and projects they're working on, and perspectives on what health equity means to their work. website

Learn more about DELPH Cohort 2 participants.

Learn more about DELPH Cohort 1 participants.

The Key Role of Cross-Sector Partnerships in Navigating Barriers Keon Lewis Community partnerships are critical to public health's mission to promote optimal health for all — learn more. Public health departments’ mission and vision statements often share certain values and goals aimed at improving the public’s well-being. Rather than just reactively responding to immediate health threats as they come, public health departments aim to take a more proactive approach through strategies that prevent the future spread of diseases, injury, or other incidences of harm. These actions support their visions of creating communities where all residents can thrive and achieve their full health potential. Strong community partnerships are critical to public health departments’ ability to fulfill their goals. Recognizing this, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation introduced the Culture of Health Framework in 2015. As a leading national philanthropic organization focused on dismantling barriers to optimal health for all, the framework’s foundation is built upon the following action areas: Making Health a Shared Value. Creating Health. More Equitable Communities. Strengthening Integration of Health Systems and Services. Fostering Cross-Sector Collaboration. The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath underscored the factors that created challenges to health outcomes for underserved communities; it also demonstrated the importance of sustaining strong cross-sector partnerships. Public health’s ability to align its goals with the community it serves is vital to efforts to save lives. This alignment allows public health departments to leverage the diverse resources and lived experiences that community partners bring. Recognizing the unique concomitant relationship that it has with government funding, public health departments are now going to have to pivot their strategies to achieve their missions. As public health departments experience budget and personnel cuts, its ability to promote optimal health for all and mitigate the social determinants of health is now even more reliant upon the strength of collaborative partnerships. The Public Health Paradox Public health has always been a component of our nation’s health care system, which primarily reflects specific health issues that have impacted our communities. Rather than focusing on the foundational issues that exacerbate these long-term gaps in underserved communities, government systems often allocate funding based on specific diseases or chronic health issues impacting community health. Although diseases and chronic health issues are significant public health elements that need to be addressed, there are significant nonmedical factors that play just as vital a role in influencing community health outcomes. Identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted by CDC as the social determinants of health, these variables — which include elements such as social and community construct, economic stability, and education access — have become the central driving force of public health. “The Public Health Funding Paradox,” an article from Sage Journals, offers a great perspective on how an intriguing paradox has been created due to this relationship between public health and government systems. The article underscores the complexity of governmental funding that helps to advance public health strategies while there still exist harmful policies that create barriers for certain communities. The Flint water crisis in Michigan demonstrated this paradox. Flint citizens experienced lead poisoning and death from Legionnaires’ Disease, underscoring how a community’s ability to thrive can be quickly impacted by economic difficulty and leadership decisions made by the accompanying government. The Power of Partnership Public health has long had to combat a barrage of stigmas and policy hurdles. Even at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, public health departments were not only in contention against the virus but also against the influence of viral misinformation that questioned their practices, strategies, and purposes. Despite these barriers, the nation witnessed the power of true cross-sector partnerships. Health care and grassroot organizations quickly found common ground to help address the needs of underserved populations. From addressing food insecurity to mental health and transportation barriers, communities successfully pivoted toward hope and found ways to save lives. Nonprofit organizations also created innovative and impactful peer-to-peer funding models that enabled them to fulfill their missions in spite of budget cuts. During this time, community health workers became a vital public health resource. As conduits between departments and local communities, community health workers became a necessary element to re-reestablishing trust in systems and care. Although the work of frontline workers and support staff served a critical role in mitigating the future spread of COVID-19, advocates and allies at the grassroots level also played an invaluable role in promoting health for all. As “The Public Health Funding Paradox” demonstrated, public health departments are only as effective as their accompanying government systems. If the leadership within these respective systems fails to align and empathize with their public health counterparts, then as a community we inevitably repeat a vicious cycle that results in poor health outcomes. Identifying Alternative Routes Cross-sector partnerships serve a vital role in enabling public health systems to better serve their communities. Budget cuts and stricter policies have created barriers for local and statewide agencies, academic institutions, and nonprofit organizations. The ability to develop essential personnel, continue pertinent research, and utilize mitigating practices have been inhibited by these barriers. It has become increasingly evident that, rather than focusing on reactive strategies, public health must go upstream and address the social needs of our communities. With cuts to funding, public health systems have to do more with less, making it more difficult to address diseases and chronic health problems. Working upstream to address root causes of health outcomes is one way to better leverage thinner resources. As our public health systems continue to work diligently to monitor, support, and mitigate community health barriers, there is still more research needed to explore the most effective cross-sector partnership frameworks. Public health’s efforts must remain intentional in developing comprehensive health advisory coalitions, leadership development cohorts, civic and community engagement projects, and paradigm shifts in academic curricula. The leaders and changemakers of tomorrow require growth in their competencies today. Cross-sector partnerships must continue to build their foundations upon systems of trust and transparency. Public and private health systems, the social sector, and other community stakeholders can partner to improve the population’s overall well-being while simultaneously achieving a mutually beneficial “social return on investment.” Public health’s ability to align with the achievement of optimal health for all requires more than just serving on the front line when a crisis occurs — it is critical that these departments must continuing enhancing their collaborative partnerships and community engagement. article yes

Learn about the importance of equity, diversity, and inclusion in public health—three pillars that are crucial to building healthier societies.

Roots of Equity: Addressing Health Disparities and Advancing Inclusive Solutions in Michigan Ninah Sasy Addressing historical inequities and health disparities to promote health equity and well-being in Michigan. Social determinants of health (SDOH)—e.g., socioeconomic status, education, employment, housing, access to health care, and environmental factors—profoundly shape individual and population health. SDOH includes social and cultural factors such as racism, discrimination, and bias (based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or other marginalized identities) that contribute to health inequities by creating barriers to resources, opportunities, and fair treatment. Understanding and addressing these factors is essential for promoting health equity and improving overall well-being. The Historical Landscape of Systemic Discrimination My grandparents were born in the late 1930s and early 1940s, during which a significant number of discriminatory practices and policies directly impacted their career trajectory and the stability of their family. Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation, leading to inequities in education, housing, and employment opportunities. Like many African Americans, my grandparents relocated from the South to northern states for better opportunities (specifically Flint, MI, to join the automobile industry). When they arrived, they encountered additional discrimination, including redlining. The practice of redlining involved discriminatory lending practices by financial institutions, explicitly denying or limiting financial services, such as loans or insurance, to certain neighborhoods or communities, often based on the perceived risk of racial or ethnic minorities. Despite that, my grandparents were fortunate to live the American Dream of owning a home; I remember their beautiful green lawns and my grandmother’s flower gardens from when I was a child. Importantly, African Americans weren’t the only ones impacted by discriminatory laws and practices. My maternal grandmother, who was Native American, faced discrimination as well through forced assimilation, a direct contrast to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which was intended to promote cultural preservation. Many minority populations and impoverished farmers faced unimaginable discrimination—and the repercussions are still evident today. Health Inequities and Racial Weathering Health inequities persist when comparing African Americans to their White counterparts. Most recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, significant disparities in mortality rates became apparent. Understanding the origins of these disparities connects back to the historical landscape of our country and the antiquated policies that perpetuate these inequities. In addition to the Jim Crow laws creating an unfair advantage for some Americans to achieve generational wealth, there are day-to-day infractions that persist today. Racial weathering describes the cumulative physical and psychological toll of experiencing systemic racism and discrimination over time. This phenomenon manifests through chronic stressors such as microaggressions, unequal access to resources, and institutionalized racism, which can have profound effects on individuals' health outcomes. Research suggests that racial weathering contributes to disparities in chronic illnesses, mental health conditions, and overall well-being among marginalized communities. The cumulative physical and psychological toll of experiencing systemic racism and discrimination over time. This phenomenon manifests through chronic stressors such as microaggressions, unequal access to resources, and institutionalized racism, which can have profound effects on individuals' health outcomes. Research suggests that racial weathering contributes to disparities in chronic illnesses, mental health conditions, and overall well-being among marginalized communities. My grandparents and their neighbors took pride in their homes. However, several factors, including the closure of numerous factories, have contributed to disinvestment in the Flint, MI community. When the primary employer, the automobile industry, departed, so did a portion of the population to seek employment in other communities. Consequently, there was a lack of investment in the school systems, as they relied heavily on property taxes. This domino effect resulted in food insecurity and housing instability. Once vibrant homes with lush lawns and blooming flowers were replaced with abandoned properties and businesses. As a result, individuals must travel 20 to 30 minutes by car to reach a grocery store instead of taking a 10-minute walk for fresh produce. Transforming Public Health in Michigan Culturally Appropriate Solutions According to the Michigan State Plan on Aging, approximately 2.5 million people in Michigan (or 25.3% of the state’s population) are 60 or older. Considering the comprehensive policy and programmatic needs to support this growing population, we must better understand and create culturally appropriate solutions. It is also critical that we acknowledge and address the longstanding historical inequities intertwined in laws, policies, and social structure that have created health inequities in our aging minority populations. Addressing these inequities is crucial to support health equity and improve the overall well-being of all older adults in Michigan. We are fortunate to have the Michigan State Plan on Aging at the state level. The Plan was developed and implemented with the support of diverse voices by integrating fundamental principles such as health equity, elder justice, person-centered practices, and evidence-informed approaches across all goal areas through Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) leadership. Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) leadership. Building a Statewide SDOH Strategy As the Policy and Planning Director, I have the privilege of leading the development and implementation of our statewide SDOH strategy. This strategy aims to create a healthier and more equitable society by tackling the social and environmental factors influencing health outcomes. It is imperative to address health disparities to guarantee that everyone, regardless of their background, has an equitable chance to enjoy a healthy and satisfying life. The strategy strives for a future where innovative concepts and community-led solutions are central to dismantling health disparities and fostering the comprehensive well-being of communities. Representation Is Key Representation matters because it ensures that diverse voices and perspectives are heard and considered in decision-making. MDHHS recognizes the importance of representation and continually gathers information from community partners and residents to inform its work. Within the MDHHS SDOH policy team, I have taken proactive steps to assemble diverse leaders to provide insights and guidance for collaborative efforts. My leadership goal is to cultivate a culture where every team member feels appreciated and empowered to share their viewpoints, nurturing an atmosphere of transparency and mutual regard. Convening diverse partners is essential for fostering inclusive and practical solutions to complex societal challenges, particularly in public health. By garnering a wide range of perspectives, experiences, and expertise, these partnerships can better identify and address the root causes of health disparities and inequities. Through intentional engagement with our SDOH task forces, advisory councils, and SDOH Community Influencer Program, we strive to build trust and longstanding collaborative relationships. By prioritizing diversity and inclusion in our engagement efforts, MDHHS seeks to create policies and initiatives that genuinely reflect the needs and experiences of the communities we serve. However, there is always room for improvement. As public health leaders, we should continually assess how we engage with the community to ensure we build longstanding relationships. Healing Historical Wounds Reflecting on the Michigan initiatives makes me proud to be a public health leader. However, having lost two of my grandparents before they reached the age of 70 and remembering the challenges that they endured throughout their lives, I continue to feel disheartened. Many factors impact health care outcomes for the aging population, especially for BIPOC communities. Navigating the social and health care system is challenging. The digital divide, the deeply ingrained distrust in health care, and the rekindling of past traumas are just a few additional barriers for the aging population, which are further compounded in minority and low-income populations. As leaders in public health, it is crucial to continuously enhance our community engagement practices, ensuring that our programs and policies accurately reflect the community's needs. This involves: Cultivating solid relationships with community partners to reach our most vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly, effectively. Actively pursuing opportunities for professional growth, such as anti-bias and cultural competency training. Taking proactive steps to eliminate barriers to partnerships by reforming grant-making procedures, promoting flexibility in program design, and refining our community engagement strategies to capture the invaluable perspectives the community offers entirely. Embracing collaborative decision-making processes is essential. Advocating for policies like the Caregivers Act, which removes barriers for family members to care for their aging loved ones, aligning with culturally competent care. Prioritizing equitable solutions that address not only socioeconomic disparities but also the underlying inequalities among minority groups should be an essential aspect of policy reform discussions. Our commitment to investing in the elderly will benefit future

Learn how public health leaders can lead through crisis and support their teams in this blog post.