This brief draws on health officials’ experiences in territories and Freely Associated States to illustrate opportunities to lead improvement efforts by building relationships, committing to data use, establishing regular communication, and investing in workforce development.
ASTHO placed 14 disability and preparedness specialists in health agencies to support inclusivity of people living with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. In this brief, three of these specialists share their experiences with ensuring COVID-19 vaccination sites are accessible to people living with disabilities. They share their perspectives and recommendations for expanding vaccine site accessibility.
Learn effective strategies for addressing workforce challenges in the islands, including geographic isolation and underdeveloped academic pathways.
This playbook, originally designed for local health departments, provides resources for states and territories who would like to increase community health worker engagement.
Gain access to information, resources, and tools to develop an effective workforce planning process to create a three- to five-year workforce plan.
A guide to setting up and facilitating Health Equity Circles in the workplace.
Legislative Prospectus: Public Health Workforce 2022 ASTHO Legislative Prospectus: Public Health Workforce astho, association of state and territorial health officials, association of state and territorial health officials astho, public health officials, state health officials, territorial health officials, island jurisdictions, state health, public health, leading cause of death, mental illness, 10th leading, center for disease control, united states, national suicide prevention lifeline, save lives, suicide prevention resource center, disease outbreak, disease control and prevention, national institute of mental health, preparedness plans, centers for disease control and prevention, mental health conditions, preparedness and response, attempting suicide, mental health problems, health care, evidence base, covid-19, mental health, suicide prevention, pandemics preparedness, behavioral health Years of underinvestment in public health left a fragile public health system to respond to COVID-19 in early 2020. The public health workforce overcame extraordinary conditions responding to the pandemic—working long hours, risking exposure to the disease, and withstanding threats and abuse from the public—which negatively effected the mental health of many public health workers. A Spring 2021 survey of over 26,000 public health workers found that 52.8% experienced symptoms of anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, or suicidal ideation. States and territories are considering several policies to support the public health workforce, including efforts to increase the number of public health workers, strengthening protections for workers privacy and safety, and ways to sustain public health funding. Download the Prospectus website
Learn how public health leaders can lead through crisis and support their teams in this blog post.
How Staffing and Workload Can Impact Public Health Agencies Kelsey Tillema Public health is combating burnout and high turnover by focusing on key practices to improve workforce infrastructure—learn more in this blog post. Public health agencies often face significant challenges managing workforce priorities related to staffing and workload. While these issues are not new, the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of retaining the public health workforce as a critical component of emergency response. A lack of capacity to manage an agency's workload can create a toxic cycle, often negating any impact of positive organizational culture improvements. In turn, productivity diminishes, turnover increases, and the remaining workforce suffers. To combat this pattern of inadequate staffing and attrition, a robust combination of effective recruitment, timely hiring practices, equitable workload policies, pay considerations, and skilled leadership to champion changes are essential. With one in three public health employees considering leaving their organizations within the next year—citing pay, work overload and burnout, lack of opportunities for advancement, stress, and organization culture as top reasons for leaving—retaining employees in public health has never been more important. As demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, a lack of solid workforce infrastructure and workload imbalance among health care professionals and public health employees can have disastrous consequences for the workforce and overall public health. According to an analysis by the de Beaumont Foundation, “state and local health departments need to hire a minimum of 80,000 more full-time equivalent positions (FTEs)—an increase of nearly 80% —to provide adequate infrastructure and a minimum package of public health services.” As challenges and uncertainties continue to arise in an ever-changing public health landscape, quickly filling open positions and retaining current public health professionals is a key strategy to ensuring a healthy workload balance among teams and programs. Timely recruitment and hiring practices, creative recruitment strategies, broader job requirements and qualifications, as well as conducting capacity and project prioritization assessments can help alleviate stress and burnout that existing employees may experience due to open roles or understaffing. Chronic understaffing and delays in filling positions can contribute to stress, burnout, and higher turnover due to employee dissatisfaction. While an agency can have meaningful organizational culture and well-being initiatives in place, understaffing and workload imbalances can quickly counteract these efforts if not addressed quickly. Policies such as providing additional pay to employees who are taking on extra duties due to unfilled positions, cross-training or cross-skilling across duties and/or programs, assessing team and individual workloads, as well as providing avenues for staff to work toward promotions when taking on work that isn’t normally part of their role can motivate employees who are asked to take on more than their job description outlines. One such framework in discussion at North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services is a creative take on a career ladder—called a “career honeycomb.” In contrast to the ladder framework that typically reflects straight upward career growth, the honeycomb is a bi-directional opportunity to look at career development from various angles. The desire is to increase employee retention and satisfaction by providing avenues for staff to receive bonuses or other incentives for taking on extra work, earn “points” toward specific career milestones or promotions, be recognized on various platforms by their colleagues and leadership team, and embed their workforce development plan and mentorship program opportunities into the various “cells” of the honeycomb. This kind of creative thinking is an innovative way to holistically address both the agency’s and individual’s needs and strengthen overall workforce development. When understanding and implementing effective hiring policies and ensuring equitable workloads across a public health agency, human resource and workforce development/well-being teams are a crucial component. An internal team that is dedicated to assessing employee capacity, hiring and promotion policies, well-being, and overall organizational culture can help mitigate burnout among staff, lower turnover rates, and ensure wise use of resources. By continuously evaluating both the staffing needs and the overall health of the organization, HR and workforce development professionals can foster an environment that attracts and retains top talent, leading to improved job satisfaction and agency performance. The relationship between staffing, capacity, and workforce culture in public health agencies is undeniable. Ensuring that there are timely and efficient recruitment and hiring practices in place, equitable workload policies, and advancement opportunities can foster a healthy and effective workforce. These efforts must be supported by a dedicated team of workforce development and human resource professionals who regularly focus on assessing and addressing workforce staffing, capacity, well-being, and organizational culture. By prioritizing these internal needs, agencies can break cycles of burnout and turnover to create a resilient and capable workforce that effectively responds to public health challenges. OE22-2203 PHIG article yes
Rethinking “Soft” Leadership Skills in Public Health Rethinking “Soft” Leadership Skills in Public Health Angela Cochran, Jamilia J. Sherls Learn how public health leaders can leverage interpersonal skills to better navigate cross-sector partnerships in this blog post. Budget reductions, staff lay-offs, conflicting federal guidance, limited funding opportunities, being asked to do more with less — these are just some of the challenges public health professionals navigate. Public health’s goal to promote health, safety, and wellness across the nation is difficult to achieve while negotiating these challenges, often leading to stress and burnout. According to the 2024 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, approximately 71% of state and local government public health workers are experiencing at least one symptom of burnout and about 20% are experiencing near-constant symptoms. When stress creeps into collaborative spaces, it can lead to frustration, misalignment, poor decisions, strained relationships, and weakened outcomes. As leaders work with internal teams and external partners to achieve public health goals, they must remain vigilant for signs of stress impacting the work. Stress often presents as irritability, conflict, errors, and stagnation. When stress gets in the way, it is critical for leaders to tap into their “soft” skills to alleviate pressures and create a clear path forward. Across sectors, communication, empathy, adaptability, and critical thinking are often grouped under the label “soft” leadership skills. Soft skills are considered foundational, interpersonal qualities or skills that help individuals interact with peers and navigate complex work environments. They may also increase resiliency, which is important in today’s ever-changing world. The term “soft skills” may sound neutral, but it carries an implicit assumption that these skills are easier, less rigorous, or secondary to technical expertise. These are, in fact, the skills that most define the quality of a leader. In practice, they are the very competencies that determine whether collaborative efforts succeed or stall. While there are many “soft” skills or leadership practices that can be helpful in stressful partnership situations and reducing conflict, there are three leadership habits especially critical to sustaining collaboration: Practice Intellectual Humility. Intentionally Build Psychological Safety. Anchor Communication in Values, Not Reaction. Each of these habits is learnable and, when applied with intention, can shift the entire energy of a room. Practice Intellectual Humility Collaborative leadership requires the ability to rethink assumptions without abandoning core values. In cross-sector work, leaders frequently navigate different perspectives, competing priorities, and incomplete information. Approaching these situations with a fixed mindset or rigid assumptions can limit progress, while intellectual humility creates space for better solutions. Practicing intellectual humility does not mean being easily persuaded or lacking confidence. It means remaining open to new information, asking thoughtful questions, and recognizing that no single perspective fully captures the complexity of the issue. Leaders who model this behavior create environments where others feel more comfortable contributing ideas, raising concerns, and engaging in meaningful dialogue. This becomes especially important when partnerships, both internal and external, are under strain. As expectations shift or challenges emerge, the ability to pause, reflect, and reconsider can prevent unnecessary conflict and support more productive problem-solving. For example, in cross-program initiatives where teams bring different priorities or funding requirements, taking time to understand competing perspectives before moving forward can prevent misalignment and strengthen long-term collaboration. Intentionally Build Psychological Safety Effective collaboration depends on trust, but trust does not develop passively. It must be built intentionally through leadership behaviors that create psychological safety. In practice, this includes clearly defining roles, maintaining open communication, and creating space for respectful disagreement. Proactive relationship management, such as regular check-ins and early disclosure of challenges, is essential to maintaining alignment and preventing breakdowns in collaboration. Without these efforts, stress can quickly erode trust and lead to disengagement. At the local level, building psychological safety often requires visible leadership behaviors that demonstrate support rather than control. This can include showing up alongside teams during outreach efforts when additional support is needed, not to direct the work but to reinforce shared ownership and trust. It also involves intentionally creating space for team members to share perspectives and acknowledging when or how those perspectives shift your own thinking. For example, when team members raise concerns or offer alternative approaches, responding with openness, such as acknowledging a perspective that had not been previously considered, can reinforce that you value their input. Over time, these behaviors help establish an environment where staff feel more comfortable speaking up early, allowing leaders and teams to address challenges before they escalate. Leaders play a critical role in shaping this environment by normalizing open dialogue and demonstrating that they value differing perspectives. Anchor Communication in Values, Not Reaction In fast-paced and often high-pressure environments, it can be easy for communication to become reactive. However, reactive leadership can create confusion, erode trust, and shift focus away from shared goals. Anchoring communication in shared values provides consistency and clarity, particularly when navigating uncertainty or competing demands. This means responding thoughtfully, aligning messaging with the broader mission, and maintaining transparency even when challenges arise. For example, during executive leadership discussions involving shared funding opportunities or cross-agency initiatives, leaders may face competing priorities and uncertainty around ownership of the work, responsibilities, or decision-making authority. In one discussion regarding a collaborative grant opportunity, a leadership team navigated tensions by grounding the conversation in organizational values that had been intentionally developed through prior team building, reflection, and difficult conversations around how the group wanted to lead and work together. Because there was already a shared understanding around values such as honesty, respect, integrity, trust, and clarity, team members felt comfortable asking difficult questions openly and respectfully. Rather than reacting defensively or avoiding tension, the leadership team was able to clarify expectations, define roles, and move forward with greater alignment and confidence. Listening to partners and stakeholders remains essential, but listening does not require immediate agreement or action. Leaders must balance openness with discernment, ensuring that decisions remain aligned with both evidence and organizational values. This approach reinforces stability within partnerships and helps to sustain collaboration over time, even when external pressures are high. Applying these three leadership habits the next time you feel the room get tense will significantly improve group dynamics, allowing the team to focus on the tasks at hand. It is important that leaders understand these practices require intention, consistency, and reflection. After an event, leaders should take time to think and reflect on how they used these practices, what the immediate outcomes were, and if there is anything different they would do the next time. These leadership habits do take practice, so leaders should be patient with themselves as they get more comfortable applying them in the heat of the moment. As the great philosopher Epictetus said, “It’s not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters.” Public health is truly in unprecedented times, bringing with them unpredictable, challenging, and nuanced situations. Leadership calls for not only “technical” expertise, but for “soft” expertise as well to manage stress and complexity, provide clarity, and achieve the best possible outcomes in collaborative spaces. Resources PH WINS 2024 Findings by de Beamount Soft Skills Matter Now More Than Ever, According to New Research by Harvard Business Review Intellectual Humility by Character Lab Values-Based Communication (PDF) by TCC Group What Is Psychological Safety at Work? Here’s How to Start Creating It by APA Reviewed by - Mason, Prather article yes
Anne Zink (Chief Medical Officer, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services) and Larry Lewis (licensed psychologist and executive coach) speak on the importance of celebrating “small wins”—tangible stories of progress that can sustain the public health workforce in an otherwise trying time.
The experts on today’s episode make the case for how a robust public health workforce could have changed the trajectory of the pandemic response, but also explain why we can reimagine what a strong public health workforce requires as we enter into pandemic recovery.
In May 2021, President Biden released full details of the fiscal year 2022 budget. Overall, the budget request combines President Biden's American Jobs Plan, his American Families Plan, and funding priorities for the Pentagon and domestic agencies, for a projected total of $6 trillion. Read more about what the president is proposing in this post.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the de Beaumont Foundation has worked closely with organizations like ASTHO to support and strengthen public health. The foundation has produced several publications and guides to support public health leaders in their efforts to inform the public about COVID-19 and help build confidence in vaccines. Mark Miller, vice president of communications with the de Beaumont Foundation, shares insights into the foundation’s response efforts to COVID-19, and its partnership with key stakeholders.
An ASTHO report describing the mental health impacts of COVID-19 on the workforce.
As the U.S. continues to undertake the largest vaccination campaign in almost a century, it has required government at all levels to surge workforce capacity. The federal government, states, territories, and local jurisdictions are acting to meet the immediate demand for vaccination as well as expand the long-term vaccination workforce. Looking ahead, expansion of the vaccination workforce long-term will help support potential COVID-19 booster shots and expand vaccine access broadly.
One of tools presidents have to implement and drive their strategy are executive actions. Executive orders and presidential memoranda carry the force of law and allow presidents to move quickly, deliver a clear message, organize the functioning of the executive branch, and spotlight critical issues with declarations of commemorative observances.
One of President Biden’s first actions just before being sworn into office was to draft up the American Rescue Plan, a sweeping proposal that ASTHO has committed to working with the Biden Administration on. The proposal offers a national vaccination plan, a promise to address COVID-19 health disparities, and efforts to prioritize the expansion the public health workforce. This post details some of the high-level takeaways, as they relate to public health.
Laura Parajón, MD, MPH, deputy cabinet secretary for the New Mexico Department of Health details the process of building a pilot internship program with the University of New Mexico.
The youth mental health crisis has created the need for a comprehensive workforce response, which requires educators and school administrative staff, school-based mental health professionals, and communities to work collaboratively to strengthen prevention systems.