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Initial estimates from 2020 suggest that annual drug overdose deaths in the United States reached a record high of 93,000. Fortunately EMS strategies are being put in place to combat this nation-wide issue.

Learn about the importance of exploring intermediaries that work alongside existing data platforms in addressing ongoing public health challenges.

A mid-session legislative update on five of ASTHO's top 10 public health state policy issues to watch in 2023: data privacy and modernization, reproductive health, health equity, strengthening public health agencies, and immunization.

Following disruptions to daily life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency departments saw an increase of mental health-related visits. A June 2021 study showed a significant increase of mental health-related visits among 12–17-year-olds compared to the previous year. States and territories that implement a comprehensive public health approach to suicide prevention across all domains of life—an approach known as the socio-ecological model—can reduce contributing risk factors.

Tobacco use causes 480,000 premature deaths each year, making it the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. In collaboration with CDC, ASTHO is leading an effort to explore how states can use Medicaid data to quantify tobacco use within this population, identify related best practices, and make recommendations for scaling.

How Washington State Leverages Data to Improve Emergency Preparedness Erin Laird Learn how Washington State has created a robust system for distributing public health and medical supplies during emergencies. When an emergency strikes, supplies like personal protective equipment (PPE) need to be deployed rapidly and strategically. Local, state, and federal partners must work together to identify and meet community needs—a process that requires timely access to actionable data about medical countermeasures and other vital public health supplies. State health agencies need to know how many public health supplies are on hand so they can make informed decisions and react to developing situations. In March 2024, ASTHO, with support from the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) and HHS Coordination Operations and Response Element, selected three state health agencies—Ohio, Massachusetts, and Washington—to identify and pilot scalable solutions to improve data and information sharing for public health response. ASTHO conducted a site visit to the Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH) in June 2024 to learn about their medical logistics center and observe the first in a series of regional tabletop exercises—Highly Efficient Local Logistics Operations Tabletop Exercise (HELLO TTX)—they conducted to better understand logistical considerations of requesting, receiving, and distributing PPE and medical countermeasures and tracking last mile distribution. Medical Logistics in Washington State: Moving Faster to Save Lives Key Term - Blog - How WA Leverages Data to Improve Preparedness The Washington State Medical Logistics Center plays a pivotal role in emergency response, supporting WA DOH’s ability to quickly distribute vital supplies and medical countermeasures before and during major incidents. Through the COVID-19 response, the WA DOH medical logistics effort expanded to include vehicles, systems, and a 198,000 sq. ft., temperature-controlled warehouse. This effort ultimately supported WA DOH’s ability to distribute over 150 million gloves, 66 million surgical masks, 30 million N95 respirators, and other vital supplies throughout the COVID-19 emergency response. This increased logistical capacity has allowed WA DOH to respond to many other events. In 2023, in response to wildfire smoke, WA DOH distributed 850 air cleaners across the state in just two days to support points of dispensing (PODs) in tribal communities. The Yakima Fire Department experienced an opioid overdose outbreak in September 2023 and WA DOH coordinated statewide to identify supply of naloxone and support mutual aid. Finally, in May 2024, WA DOH distributed 96 portable air cleaners and pallets of N95 respirators to the Benton Franklin Health District to support POD operations for communities with air quality impacted by the Lineage Cold-Storage Fire. Receiving, storing, and distributing medical countermeasures and other supplies requires strong data management systems and practices. WA DOH strives for a collaborative approach to enhance data management for logistics. By facilitating bidirectional data sharing among health care, emergency management, public health, and tribal partners, WA DOH aims to enhance its ability to track assets and “last mile” logistics. To this end, WA DOH conducted a series of in-person tabletop exercises (TTXs) with each region of the state. These TTX discussions focused on the logistical considerations of requesting, receiving, and distributing PPE and medical countermeasures using a scenario of a novel influenza outbreak. Leveraging TTX Discussions to Understand Local Logistics Washington Department of Health staff gathered for a tabletop exercise with ASTHO staff. The tabletop discussions were organized into two modules: Medical Logistics Requesting, and Medical Countermeasures Planning and Last-Mile Distribution. The tabletop discussions focused on understanding how local jurisdictions source, receive, and distribute supplies. Cory Portner, director of WA DOH’s Office of Emergency Medical Logistics, praised the discussions: “The HELLO-TTX series highlighted the power of collaboration and gave us actionable insights into refining our response strategies and logistics operations. Effective communication across agencies is key. As always, at the end of the day it comes down to relationships and knowing who to call.” Many jurisdictions indicated they do not have the space or staff to manage more than a small stockpile of supplies. Once requested from the state, local jurisdictions coordinate with local partners—such as libraries, foodbanks, fire departments, and immigrant assistance centers—to get materials distributed to the community, often using either PODs or using trusted partners to distribute to the population they serve. Space came up as an issue repeatedly, with some jurisdictions utilizing creative solutions such as leveraging storage available at fairgrounds, a county-owned airport, and even an old jail (a solution that raised some unique challenges for receiving). Last mile tracking depended on the type of asset. For example, tracking for PPE typically ended at the community partner level (the agency or site that received the supplies), while tracking for vaccines could show more data on number of vaccines administered by a provider. The focus of last mile tracking for local jurisdictions centered around using last mile information to ensure that the requestors received what was needed. Looking ahead, additional last mile tracking could shed light on equity and a better sense of whether community needs were met, rather than just whether orders were filled. Portner reflected, “HELLO TTX showcased that local partnerships vary widely: larger urban areas typically focus on health care and emergency management organizations, while smaller rural areas engage a broader range of local sectors like fire departments and veterinary services. Medical logistics operations also differ, with urban areas having greater storage capacity and more advanced data tracking, while rural areas face limitations in both. Additionally, local prioritization of PPE and medical countermeasures affects how each area tracks logistics and manages storage.” Looking Ahead This 198,000 sq. ft., temperature-controlled warehouse serves as the Medical Logistics Center for WADOH, housing PPE, medical countermeasures, and other supplies. Effective public health response requires an understanding of what supplies are needed, where they are needed, and to track whether those needs were met. To achieve this, coordination and communication across multiple levels of public health is critical. "Next up, we’re focusing on asset tagging and improving supply chain visibility through enhanced data readiness. Our goal is to create a more transparent and responsive logistics system, to make sure that we’re fully prepared for any future emergencies in support of communities in Washington state and beyond,” explained Portner. The strategies explored by these data readiness pilot sites can improve critical processes and demonstrate sustainable methods to meet the demand of bidirectional information sharing for public health agencies and their partners. article yes

Delve into the successes, challenges, and lessons learned to inform/advance FHIR adoption among state and local public health agencies and their health care partners.

A quick rundown of sessions and speakers at the 2022 ASTHO Public Health TechXpo.

The New Frontier of Digital Proximity Tracing Association of state and territorial health officials, astho, public health, covid-19, contact tracing, case investigation, public health surveillance, infectious disease, proximity tracing, exposure notification, public health agencies, data privacy, public health official, state legislature, geolocation, health data, test positive for covid-19, personal data, data collected, health departments Jeffrey Ekoma Digital proximity tracing is the cutting-edge for tracking outbreaks of COVID-19, but many have concerns about data privacy. States have proposed legislation to balance the two. As state, local, territorial, and tribal (SLTT) health departments continue to cautiously reopen parts of their economy, they also continue to take necessary measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. A major component of this work is traditional contact tracing, a staple of public health surveillance where public health workers track down and notify anyone who might have contact with someone who tested positive for an infectious disease. However, new strategies that would supplement traditional tracing have been gaining momentum. Google and Apple collaborated to create an application programming interface (API) platform for public health agencies interested in a new type of “proximity tracing” or “exposure notification.” The platforms are expected to assist in the creation of apps between software developers and public health jurisdictions. It specifically utilizes Bluetooth technology —readily available in cellular devices—to randomly generate temporary keys on a user’s device when a user downloads an exposure notification application. This then enables the application to alert an individual if they have been or potentially exposed to someone who also uses the application and who tested positive for COVID-19. It’s worth noting the platform created by Google and Apple does not collect location information or information of users who do not voluntarily mark themselves as being positive for COVID-19. There are other notable exposure notification apps being used by SLTTs including Care19, an app developed by ProudCrowd that’s currently being used in North Dakota and South Dakota. Also, CommCare, which is currently being used in New Jersey and was developed by Dimagi. As expected, the introduction and potential influx of these types of apps have brought many different concerns, primarily centered around data privacy and how the platforms and applications would protect, store, and safely discard information that it collects. This issue became of interest to Sen. Maria Cantwell, current ranking member of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. In response she drafted S. 3861 Exposure Notification Privacy Act, which proposes assistance to public health jurisdictions exploring exposure notification applications and technologies. The act would ensure that such platforms have the necessary capacity to protect the personal data of consumers, limit the type of data collected, as well as the type of entities that would have access to such data. In addition, the legislation also: reaffirms the role of public health officials in requiring their involvement in the development and deployment of exposure notification systems; requires that participation from individuals be on a voluntary basis and with consumer consent; limits the collection and use of data; prohibits commercial use of data; and permits participants to delete their data at any time; among other things. The legislation was recently co-introduced with Sens. Bill Cassidy and Amy Klobuchar, and received support from the Washington State Department of Health, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, and the National Coalition of STD Directors. This legislation is currently pending in the Senate and it is unclear if it will be considered in the upcoming months. There is also movement in state legislatures to address the use of technology. In California, legislation (AB 660) was introduced that would require any state agency contract that uses a mobile device’s geolocation data for exposure notification to a communicable disease to include provisions requiring the contractor to inform the app user of the authorized purposes of the app and collected data. Another bill (AB 1782) introduced in the state would require public health entities and businesses offering exposure notification services to allow users to revoke consent for the collection, use, maintenance, or disclosure of the user’s information. Businesses that provide exposure notification services but are not affiliated with a public health entity would be required to disclose its non-affiliation. The bill would also require the encryption of data collected by the technology, limit the use of the data as well as the amount of time the data can be maintained, and require reported exposures be verified by a healthcare provider before notifying logged contacts of their potential exposure. In New York, companion bills were introduced (A 10583A and S 8448B) that would establish requirements for the collection and use of emergency health data and the use of technology for collecting data during the COVID-19 emergency. Specifically, the bill requires the disclosure of certain information to those who install and use data collecting apps on mobile devices, including information about the right to opt-in, the right to privacy, the app’s privacy policy, time limitations for maintaining the data, and the individual’s right to access the data. Unlike the bills in California, individuals in New York would be able to sue for violations of the law. Several SLTT’s are currently either exploring, developing, or implementing proximity tracing applications within their respective jurisdictions. It remains critical that SLTT health departments evaluate the implementation of any proximity tracing option, while concurrently evaluating pertinent data and privacy related issues that may arise with the collection and sharing of information from individuals. In the coming days, ASTHO plans to release a guide to assist health officials as they think through the critical functionalities, technological options, and implementation of these emerging technologies. ASTHO will continue to track and monitor legislation that seeks to address data and privacy concerns with proximity tracing and exposure notification applications. website yes

ASTHO, with support from CDC, launched the first cohort of the Linking Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and Clinical Outcomes Data Multi-Jurisdiction Learning Community in October 2021. This brief examines themes that emerged from conversations in the learning community about the challenges encountered during data linking activities and discussed lessons they learned.