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This organizational strategic planning guide, which details seven phases, can help health agencies create or refine strategic plans that are responsive to evolving needs.

In-depth analysis on state health policy surrounding the public health workforce. This is part of ASTHO's annual legislative prospectus series.

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Improvements in Public Health Hiring Practices ASTHO Staff Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s (CDPHE) Prevention Services Division (PSD) is working to streamline its hiring approach, process, and procedures to remove biases that commonly plague hiring practices. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s (CDPHE) Prevention Services Division (PSD) is working to streamline its hiring approach, process, and procedures to remove biases that commonly plague hiring practices. The division’s innovative efforts take a practical approach, starting with diversifying application questions to allow candidates to highlight their multiple skills and lived experiences, moving away from the idea that having a more formal education automatically makes someone the best candidate. The approach also extends to harvesting data on salary to remove bias in salary offers, allowing for greater consistency in compensation across the agency. PSD’s efforts do not stop there! In this video, meet the team promoting the diversification of human capital within their public health agency. CDPHE discusses the vision behind its methods, the tools it developed, and lessons learned. If you are interested in learning more about Colorado’s advances in hiring practices, you can reach out to the team at athina.lujan-roche@state.co.us and meladie.lowe@state.co.us. article yes

This blog from ASTHO’s PH-HERO team touches on the importance of trauma-responsive leadership in the public health workforce.

Continuing ASTHO’s Legislative Prospectus series—which highlights the top 10 public health policy issues for 2022—we are focusing this week on mental and behavioral health as well as supporting the public health workforce.

Though now an illegal practice, government contracts, policies, and practices have generally excluded women, and Black, Indigenous, and people of color. Still, practices and existing structures continue the inequitable distribution of all contracts. Governmental and non-governmental grants and funding should benefit the communities they serve while being proportionate to the communities' demographics. This is where inclusive contracting comes in.

Data-Sharing Strategies to Support Access to Care Interventions Anna Bartels, Chikamso Chukwu Learn how primary care offices improve community access to health care in this Health Policy Update. Every state public health agency houses a Primary Care Office (PCO), which monitors the effectiveness of that jurisdiction’s health system. HRSA funds PCOs to identify communities with health professional shortages, and PCOs may also administer workforce programs to place providers in those communities. To identify which communities are experiencing shortages, PCOs collect state-level data on where health care providers work, what services they offer, and how many hours they spend on patient care. PCOs also track data on community needs, such as household income levels and community transportation options, to create a holistic picture of whether health care is truly accessible. PCOs across the country have explored different policy pathways to access reliable, accurate data, including laws that support PCO access to certain data sets, cross-sectoral relationships, and data-sharing agreements. According to ASTHO’s national PCO workforce assessment, over 85% of PCOs are part of a formal data-sharing arrangement, with licensing boards and Medicaid agencies serving as two of the most common data sources. This health policy update describes several types of actions jurisdictions have taken to support PCO data access. New Hampshire Law Allows the PCO to Survey Providers During License Renewals The New Hampshire PCO’s Health Professions Data Center administers a survey tied to health care providers’ medical license renewals that gathers self-reported provider and practice data, such as where providers work, how many hours per week are spent delivering direct patient care, and anticipated changes in capacity over the next five years. New Hampshire law outlines the scope of the survey and authorizes the PCO to collect, store, analyze, and report on health care workforce supply and capacity through surveying during license renewal. Although survey responses are the primary source of data on the health care workforce, data from the state’s all payer claims database housed within the Medicaid division provides supplemental information. Given the type of data involved, legal agreements are required between the PCO, licensing agencies, and relevant parties to maintain privacy for providers. These data are critical for the PCO to evaluate current and future capacity — especially in regions with limited providers — and proactively focus recruitment efforts on those communities. Colorado Braids Data Collection Strategies Across Multiple Sources While the Colorado PCO has relied on a similar law that authorizes collecting licensure data for more than 10 years, its data collection efforts have since expanded. The state now collects and integrates data across 16 different sources, each requiring a different procurement strategy. While some data sources are simple to access because they are public use files (e.g., Medicare provider data), other sources — namely state agencies — require the PCO to submit an application or enter into a memorandum of understanding or contract for access. Pursuing multiple data sources in this way takes significant effort and staff time, necessitating the health department to supplement HRSA’s PCO cooperative agreement funding with other sources, including state appropriations and private funding. A commitment to collaboration and investment and a willingness to build new relationships and processes from scratch support the Colorado PCO’s wide-ranging data collection strategy. Iowa Builds on Existing Relationships to Access Provider Data Iowa’s PCO has a long-standing relationship with the University of Iowa and a joint interest in health care workforce data. Currently, the PCO purchases provider phone survey information from the University of Iowa’s existing program and receives data on a biannual basis. The university’s data collection is part of its own research efforts and not collected on behalf of the PCO, so while the data are broader than what the PCO needs, it is still a valuable source of provider information. Because of this existing arrangement, the PCO could pursue a more expansive agreement (that would likely require additional funding) and expand the scope of the data, such as by adding data collection on provider residence or sliding fee scales. Other PCOs may consider approaching partners that have pieces of the data they need so there is an established relationship in place that may be expanded as new resources become available. PCOs Secure Access to Medicaid Claims Data State Medicaid agencies are another frequent data partner for PCOs, with at least 16 receiving provider data from their state Medicaid agency in various formats. In some states the Medicaid agency shares a point-in-time file with the PCO, who may manually recode the data before submission to HRSA. In other states, the PCO has direct access to the Medicaid claims processing system to independently extract the necessary data points. The nature of the partnership between the PCO and Medicaid agency may vary based on the state’s organizational structure (e.g., whether the PCO and Medicaid agency sit within the same department). However, a PCO seeking access to Medicaid claims data should be prepared to justify the need for the data, articulate how it can support the Medicaid agency, and develop the necessary relationships to support a workable solution for both parties. Conclusion Each PCO and state health agency has its own unique structure, and there is no “right” way to collect health care provider practice or access data. However, exploring how different jurisdictions approach these processes can help PCOs think strategically about new initiatives and relationships. ASTHO will continue tracking PCO success stories and remains available to facilitate connections among health agency staff. 2 UD3OA22890-13-00 article yes

States Stay Prepared by Supporting the Public Health Workforce Margaret Nilz, Christina Severin Learn how states use policy to support emergency preparedness and bolster the public health workforce. Public health — particularly public health preparedness — continues to experience workforce shortages, driven by longstanding systemic challenges such as chronic underfunding, high turnover, limited recruitment, and an aging workforce. While some jurisdictions report increased capacity to hire and train public health staff in recent years, they often rely on short-term or temporary funding streams, which limit long-term sustainability. State, local, tribal, and territorial health agencies have varying capacities to respond to public health emergencies, particularly in rural and underserved communities. Because a limited workforce can inhibit emergency preparedness efforts, jurisdictions recognize the importance of cultivating a resilient public health preparedness workforce to respond to future emergencies. In recent years, jurisdictions have pursued several policy interventions to bolster the public health preparedness workforce such as legislation supporting front-line clinical staff and first responders, and rulemaking and other executive powers to provide structural and financial support to critical personnel. Legislative Efforts Legislative efforts to increase benefits and support for health care and public health workers can help address the root causes of workforce challenges and lay the groundwork for sustainable, long-term investment in public health preparedness. Laws that establish standards and expectations for the preparedness workforce, including expansions of benefits or additional training, support workforce growth and retention. Since 2024, several jurisdictions expanded mental health benefits and related support for first responders and other preparedness personnel. Both Alaska (SB 103) and California (AB 2859) enacted legislation that allows peer support programs for emergency service personnel. In Alaska, the bill creates programs for entities such as law enforcement agencies, firefighters, and emergency dispatchers, while California’s bill creates programs to serve a variety of health care providers involved in emergency medical care, including physicians, nurses, paramedics, and emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Utah enacted HB 378, which requires the Department of Public Safety to annually distribute information about its critical incident stress management program to first responder agencies. The bill also requires first responder agencies to annually notify employees about the availability of mental health resources, including periodic screenings for employees and continued support for retired or separated first responders and their spouses. On a broader scale, Hawaii SB 3279 recently established a well-being project tasked with mental health trainings and support for several community organizations, including first responders, hospitals, and medical staff. In Washington, HB 2311 directs the state’s Criminal Justice Training Commission to develop resources for first responder wellness, including a peer support network for active and retired first responders and their families. States have also enacted legislation expanding traditional employment-related benefits, including Colorado (HB 24-1219), which expanded certain health benefits for firefighters to include part-time and volunteer firefighters, and Idaho HB 55, which allows retired public employees to volunteer with public employers without it being considered reemployment. In addition, Georgia HB 451 requires state and local entities to provide disability benefits for first responders who experience occupational or volunteer-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Finally, several jurisdictions enacted legislation to support education and training for their public health and health care workforce. For example, Kentucky HB 484 established an emergency medical service education grant program that provides tuition support for students pursuing paramedic certification, wage reimbursement to ambulance providers whose employees pursue certification, and funding for institutions planning to offer EMT, advanced EMT, and paramedic programs. Oklahoma HB 1696 expands eligibility for the Oklahoma Medical Loan Repayment program to include certified nurse practitioners. Two new laws in Puerto Rico require police officers with the Puerto Rico Police Bureau to be certified in first aid or immediate rescue (PC 0859) and adds seminars on sign language, suicide prevention, and conflict mediation to the Bureau’s continuing education training (PC 0543). Other Policy Levers: Beyond the Legislature Jurisdictions can also use non-legislative policy tools to enhance workforce capacity in public health preparedness. This includes rulemaking, where executive agencies use existing legal authority to adopt or amend regulations. Regulations have the force of law and can help support the public health workforce by establishing licensure standards, training requirements, and operational protocols. Wisconsin, following the enactment of AB 576 in 2024, is developing rules to establish a program for peer support and critical stress management teams in the state. And Utah recently adopted rules for its first responder mental health services grant, which helps these professionals pursue a degree or certification as a mental health provider. Government agencies can also leverage grants and contracts to fund and otherwise direct workforce development initiatives, support training programs, and expand capacity in targeted areas. Jurisdictions can strategically direct funds to address skill gaps and assist local, state, tribal, and territorial agencies build a more resilient workforce. One example of this is in Michigan, where in 2024 the state health agency issued a request for grant proposals to award up to $9 million in EMS workforce grants, building on similar awards to address EMS shortages in 2023. Executive orders are another policy option for jurisdictions to consider as they explore different pathways to workforce sustainability. Executive orders are issued by a jurisdiction’s chief executive (often the governor) and direct certain policy actions or activities. Generally, the power to issue an executive order comes from existing law or a jurisdiction’s constitution and, in most cases, does not require legislative approval or review. Several states have leveraged executive orders to advance the public health workforce and support preparedness activities more specifically. For example, Vermont and New Jersey have recently used executive orders to create or extend advisory councils on issues pertinent to public health preparedness. In 2024, Virginia’s governor issued an executive order formalizing the Office of First Responder Wellness, which provides training, counseling, and other resources to first responders in Virginia. In 2023, the governor of Maryland issued an executive order establishing a State of Preparedness directive if there is a risk of public emergency, and the actions state agencies must undertake to promote improved coordination and hazard planning. Key Takeaways Addressing public health emergency preparedness workforce challenges demands strategic, long-term policy solutions, but several implementation options are available. Health agencies can pursue a variety of policy interventions to support and prepare their public health workforce for future emergencies. ASTHO will continue to monitor this important issue and provide updates as appropriate. article yes

Colorado's New Online Mentorship Initiative Supports Local Public Health Agencies Elise Moore Learn how CDPHE developed an online mentorship program to enhance local public health leadership, with tips for other health departments. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) launched their Athena Success Partnering program, an online staff mentorship initiative for local public health agencies. CDPHE's Office of Public Health Practice, Planning, and Local Partnerships (OPHP) developed the program as part of its Executive Director Learning Pathways project, which supports those leading local health agencies in Colorado—especially after many of those leaders faced intense scrutiny during the pandemic. CDPHE used Public Health Infrastructure Grant (PHIG) funds to procure the software to support its online mentorship programs. Several different entities in CDPHE are now using the software for mentoring initiatives, including programs for new hires, human-centered leadership, and peer support. In addition to the Athena Program, OPHP uses the software for a peer connection program for Colorado Chief Medical Officers. Development and Launch of the Mentorship Program An Executive Director Advisory Group helped guide OPHP’s thinking around the options and elements to include in its online mentorship program for local health agencies. The Athena Program provides new and experienced executive directors and emerging leaders the opportunity to form supportive peer relationships for skill development, confidence building, networking, effective agency leadership, and supporting retention efforts. OPHP started by focusing on local public health agency executive directors and has recently opened the program to all Colorado local public health agency staff. The program offers a series of steps or prompts to guide mentors and mentees, with content to last for a year of regular meetings. Some of the automated prompts include ice breakers and questions about communication, goal setting, and leadership. Additionally, the platform has a learning section where users can find articles and resources related to professional development. Participants use the platform for traditional mentoring, and to connect with colleagues with expertise in specific areas. Users can ask questions or request mentorship for specific time-sensitive problems or learning needs. They can also join role-specific groups, such as planners and emergency preparedness and response and resiliency staff. OPHP notes that it took time for staff to develop new habits for using the platform for questions and resource sharing and that some executive directors did not feel qualified enough to become mentors to other executive directors. To address some of these challenges, OPHP created resources and opportunities for users to understand the program's benefits, including a monthly newsletter. In one edition, OPHP outlined reasons to become a mentor—addressing the benefits, time investment, preparation guidance, and qualifications to be a mentor. Program Receives Positive Response Both mentors and mentees in the Athena Program have expressed positive outcomes and benefited from their relationships. Broomfield County Executive Director Jason Vahling shared that he benefitted from the mentor experience. “Initially, I was signing up to be a mentor, but I feel like, at times, we switch back and forth between being the mentor and mentee and learn from each other. It has been great to have a partner outside the metro area to get insights and learn from." Mentorship Platform Evaluation Plans As the program continues, OPHP is using quantitative and qualitative data (e.g., participation counts, user surveys, and key informant interviews) to assess participant engagement. Program administrators are also assessing supports and barriers to participation and whether participation in the mentorship program is helping build essential knowledge and skills in implementing best practices for core public health services and foundational capabilities, management and leadership, and staff support and retention. OPHP’s Advice on Planning an Online Mentorship Program For health departments seeking to build their mentorship platform, OPHP shared a few tips: An advisory group was valuable for program planning. Talk to potential participants about their needs, as these may vary. Be patient and take the long view. Demonstrate how the program benefits both mentors and mentees. Provide various options for engaging with mentoring, peer support, and group interaction opportunities. Future Plans for Strengthening Staff Expertise CDPHE plans to continue leveraging PHIG funding, as well as their academic health department partnership with the Colorado School of Public Health, to offer a program to prepare participants to successfully take the Certified in Public Health (CPH) exam and earn certification with a pilot beginning in January 2025. PHIG recipients interested in learning more about Colorado’s experience can reach out to the team at ophp@state.co.us. Special Thanks-Blog - Colorado's New Online Mentorship Initiative Supports Local Public Health Agencies OE22-2203 PHIG website yes